Trump’s GSE exit pursuit is complicated (and could be costly)

President Donald Trump’s bombshell Truth Social post on Wednesday night sent the stock prices of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac soaring.

But removing the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) from conservatorship after 16-plus years would be a complicated endeavor. And if they’re not removed carefully, costs for borrowers could spike.

Trump’s announcement that he’s considering a public offering of the companies sent Fannie Mae’s stock up 50% and Freddie Mac’s stock up 42% on Wednesday — big boons for the hedge funds that have held shares for years and have been waiting for the federal government to untangle the 2008-era framework that has restricted profits.

But analysts at Keefe, Bruyette & Woods (KBW) said Wednesday that “serious hurdles to privatization exist.”

Key challenges include determining the fate of the Department of the Treasury’s investment. Investors like Bill Ackman, the billionaire founder of Pershing Square Capital Management, argue the government could forgive it, given that the GSEs have paid $310 billion in dividends after drawing $193 billion in support since being placed into conservatorship in 2008. 

The KBW analysts also noted that capital standards must be recalibrated to deliver double-digit returns on equity for Fannie and Freddie. ROEs are now at 8% to 9%.

Current capital levels are at 4.25%, but analysts recommend between 2.5% and 3%, still well above pre-housing crisis levels. If not changed, guarantee fees would need to increase by 20 to 25 basis points. 

Government backstop 

Analysts also warned that the agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) market continues to rely on the perceived government backstop for the GSEs. A return to a pre-Great Financial Crisis (GFC) implicit guarantee is possible — but only if the Treasury clearly communicates it, they said. 

”Post-GFC, the nature of the relationship changed after the credit line [of $2.25 billion available] increased sharply, the Treasury invested capital into the companies and the backing by Treasury arguably became more explicit given the conservatorship status of the GSEs. We think a return to the pre-GFC implicit guarantee is possible, but only if Treasury messages this effectively,” KBW analysts said. 

Meanwhile, the Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA) also advocated for a formal guarantee from the government. 

“MBA stands ready to work with the Trump administration on a thoughtful plan to end the conservatorships of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in a way that avoids any market disruption or increased costs for borrowers,” MBA president and CEO Bob Broeksmit said in a statement to HousingWire.

“We also believe strongly that any release must include an explicit federal backstop — paid for by the GSEs — of their mortgage-backed securities to protect taxpayers, consumers, and our housing finance system.”

Impacts on lenders, investors

Some bond traders said at the MBA Secondary and Capital Markets Conference earlier this week that they believe an exit from conservatorship would result in a 50-basis-point increase in mortgages.

For the average homebuyer purchasing a $414,000 house, such a hike would add roughly $40,000 in costs over the life of the loan — although it should be noted that most mortgages have a shelf life of seven to eight years.

Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent said earlier this year that any release from conservatorship would hinge on ensuring it didn’t increase mortgage rates. He also said Trump’s tax bill is the bigger priority.

Jefferies analysts echoed concerns that privatization without a government guarantee — implicit or explicit — would raise funding costs for the GSEs and likely drive mortgage rates higher. In such a scenario, the private entities would tighten underwriting standards, increase costs such as guarantee fees and make borrowing more difficult for marginal applicants.

“Uncertainty around GSE reform could lead to wider MBS spreads and volatility — past episodes have seen investors pull back. Disruption to the ~$290 billion-a-day TBA forward market for MBS would hinder lenders’ ability to hedge rate locks,” the Jefferies analysts said.

They added that without government support, the GSEs may impose stricter capital, liquidity and performance requirements on approved lenders and servicers to guard against losses.

“Smaller non-bank players could struggle to meet those standards, leaving a few large players to dominate the market,” they said.

Given the complexity of taking Fannie and Freddie public, Jefferies analysts said privatization is unlikely before 2026 or 2027.

Though a road map exists from the work that former Federal Housing Finance Agency director Mark Calabria did with then-Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin, much work still remains.

Indeed, one political source in Washington, D.C., speculated that Trump’s Wednesday social post was a way to either assuage House deficit hawks, or potentially that the GSEs’ investors convinced him to get the ball rolling on reform.